Why India Is One Of The Best Destinations For Link Building Outsourcing

Link building

India has become a premier destination for link-building services outsourcing. Its skilled workforce, cost-effective labour, and robust technological infrastructure have made it a top choice for businesses worldwide. Indian SEO/ IT firms excel in software development, customer support, data analytics, and more, offering quality services at competitive prices. The country’s large talent pool, English proficiency, … Read more

Why India Directory Submitters to Choose

India is well known for outsourcing of IT services because of its availability of talented skilled IT professionals at cheap price. Another advantage is that Indian are well know for English languages. India Book is taking advantage of it and outsourcing directory submission services to whole of the world at best market price India manual directory … Read more

Categories SEO

Data Link Layer Design Issues

Internet

Data Link Layer has a number of specific functions to carry out. These functions include:-

  1. Providing a well-defined service interface to the Network Layer.
  2. Determining how the bits of the Physical Layer are grouped into frames.
  3. Dealing with transmission errors.
  4. Regulating the flow of frames so that slow receivers are not overcome by a fast sender.

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Unrestricted Simplex Protocol

It is the simplest though unrealistic protocol with the nickname “UTOPIA“. In this case, data is transmitted in one direction only. Both the transmitting and receiving Network Layer are always ready and the proceeding time can be ignored. Infinite buffer space is available and also communication between a Data Link Layer never damages or loses frames.

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Design Issues in Data Link Layer You Must Know

The design issues deal with how to make sure all frames are eventually delivered to the Network Layer at the destination and in the proper order. The usual way to ensure reliable delivery is to provide the sender with some feedback about whatever happening at the other end of the line. Typically the protocol calls for the receiver to send back special control frames bearing positive and negative acknowledgements about the incoming frames. If the sender receives a positive acknowledgement about a frame, it knows the frame has arrived safely. On the other hand, a negative acknowledgement means that something has gone wrong and the frame must be transmitted again.

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Switching

A network contains a large number of computers and various intermediate devices. All these devices and computers must be joined so as to transfer data from one computer of network to any other computer. This can be possible by using two methods:-

The first method is to create an individual wire link from every computer to every other computer (like fully connected topology) this method requires a lot of wiring and will increase the system cost and efficiency. The other method is to use a technique of switching. In a switched network, special devices called switches, are used to join two or more computers and intermediate devices with each other. Switches can create temporary connection between two devices attached to the switch. These devices are hardware devices that may have a software component in them. When a particular virtual path is to be set, the switch is set accordingly, to create a path between two nodes.

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